8 ways to train your brain for better sleep

The days are longer, full of sunshine and bright with the promise of enjoying a more relaxing spring and summer with your loved ones. But if you want to enjoy your daytime, it's time to increase your sleep during the nighttime

Boy do we need it. More than a third of American adults are not getting enough sleep on a regular basis, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says, calling sleep deprivation a "public health epidemic."

It's a global problem too, according to the World Sleep Society, a nonprofit organization of sleep professionals dedicated to advancing "sleep health worldwide."

"Sleep problems constitute a global epidemic that threatens health and quality of life for up to 45% of the world's population," the society says.

You don't have to go through life sleep-deprived. Just as you learned to frequently wash your hands and wear a mask as part of your pandemic personal hygiene, you can learn to sleep better each night with what experts call "sleep hygiene."

That's sleep specialist lingo for the ways you can train your brain to recognize its time to fall asleep -- and then stay asleep.

Sleep is one the three key ingredients to a healthier, longer life (the others are diet and exercise). Many of the ways to increase the quality of your sleep are easy to do.

Here are the top eight ways to improve your sleep hygiene and get some zz's:

1. Create a sleep nest

One of the first tasks is to set up your sleep environment. The REM or dreaming stage of sleep is a lighter level of rest that can more easily be disrupted, so strive to have a comfortable mattress and bedding that's not too hot.

Science tells us that we sleep better in cooler temperatures of about 60 to 67 degrees Fahrenheit (15 to 20 degrees Celsius).

2. Develop a routine

Set up a bedtime ritual by taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book or listening to soothing music. Or you can try deep breathing, yoga, meditation or light stretches.

You're teaching your brain to wind down.

And stick to it. Go to bed and get up at the same time each day, even on weekends or your days off, the CDC advises. The body likes routine.

3. Cut the lights

Secretion of the sleep hormone melatonin begins at dark. Research has found that the body will slow or stop melatonin production if exposed to light, so get rid of any light, even the blue light from your charging smartphone or laptop. If your room isn't dark enough, consider using light-blocking shades or eye masks.

What if you like to read yourself to sleep? That's fine, experts say, just read in a dim light from a real book, not a tablet or an e-reader.

That's because "any LED spectrum light source may further suppress melatonin levels," said Dr. VsevolodPolotsky, who directs sleep basic research in the division of pulmonary and critical care medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, in a former CNN interview.

"Digital light will suppress the circadian drive," Polotsky said, while a "dim reading light will not."

4. Dampen sound

While you're dealing with the blue light from your smartphone, go ahead and turn off any work alerts (no Slack or email pings at 2 a.m.).

Better still, just charge the thing outside your bedroom.

If you live in a noisy, urban setting, playing white noise or running a fan in the bedroom might help drown out any sudden noises that may startle you from your slumber.

5. Boycott caffeine later in the day

Stop drinking caffeinated liquids at least six hours before your normal bedtime (some experts say nothing after 3 p.m.). And caffeine is in more than just coffee, so that applies to some teas and sodas, as well as chocolate.

Yes, chocolate. That cup of hot chocolate you think may help you sleep could contain 25 milligrams of caffeine while a cup of green or black tea will provide 50 milligrams of caffeine.

6. Skip the booze

Don't turn to alcohol to calm your nerves or help you sleep. Alcohol may help you fall asleep, but it traps you in the lighter stages of sleep.

Your body needs to experience all three stages of sleep -- light sleep, the REM or dream state, and deep sleep -- to fully repair and restore itself.

7. Avoid heavy or spicy foods

Heavy and spicy foods may give you heartburn or other digestive issues, thus affecting your ability to get and stay asleep. As for sugar, studies show it's linked to restless, disturbed sleep and may possibly affect hormones that control cravings.

A light snack before bed "is acceptable," according to the National Sleep Foundation. It recommends munching on a handful of nuts; a few cherries (which are high in melatonin); a banana (which contains muscle relaxers potassium and magnesium) and decaffeinated teas such as chamomile, ginger and peppermint.

8. Make the bedroom sacred

And last, but not least, reserve your bed for sleep and sex.

As normal as it seems to work from home or play games with the kids in bed, that doesn't teach your brain to view the bedroom as a place for slumber.

The need for sleep

Why go through all this trouble? Because sleep deprivation is dangerous for your health.

Not getting enough sleep has been linked to a lack of libido, weight gain, high blood pressure, a weakened immune system, paranoia, mood swings, depression and a higher risk of some cancers, dementia, diabetes, stroke and cardiovascular disease.

But wait, there's more: Sleeping less than you need on a regular basis may double your risk of dying. In a longitudinal study of 10,308 British civil servants, researchers found that people who reduced their sleep from seven to five hours or fewer a night were almost twice as likely to die from all causes -- but especially cardiovascular disease.

Remember, the amount of sleep you need each night depends on your age.

Babies need 12 to 16 hours, toddlers 11 to 14 hours and preschoolers 10 to 13 hours of sleep each day, including naps, according to the CDC. School-age kids need nine to 12 hours of shut-eye each night, and teens still need eight to 10 hours -- which because of social media, few get.

Adults need to sleep at least seven hours a night -- another goal many fail to reach. But with these sleep hygiene tips, you can teach your brain a few new tricks to gain the quality sleep you crave.

Whatever you do, don't stay sleep deprived: If you try these tips and can't seem to relax, or your sleep continues to worsen, be sure to reach out to your doctor or a mental health professional.