Leaders conclude first virtual summit

US President Joe Biden and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping have concluded their first face-to-face virtual summit, Chinese state media said. The meeting came as tensions rise between the two countries on issues like Taiwan, trade and human rights.

Mr Biden said both countries had a responsibility to ensure their rivalry did not "veer into open conflict". Tuesdays talks are the most substantial discussions both leaders have had since Mr Biden took office in January.

Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying described the meeting as "constructive and productive", adding that it helped "increase mutual understanding".

What was said at the meeting?

The meeting began with both leaders greeting each other warmly, with Mr Xi saying he was happy to see his "old friend" Biden.

For his part, Mr Biden said, "Maybe I should start more formally, although you and I have never been that formal with one another," according to a Reuters report.

He added that both men had "always communicated with one another very honestly and candidly", adding "we never walk away wondering what the other man is thinking".

Mr Xi said the two countries needed to improve "communication" and face challenges "together".

He also said healthy China-US relations were needed in order to face global challenges like climate change and Covid-19, Chinese state media said.

The competing nations surprised many last week by issuing a joint declaration to address climate change, at talks in Glasgow, Scotland.

"Humanity lives in a global village, and we face multiple challenges together. China and the US need to increase communication and cooperation." said Mr Xi.

"I stand ready to work with you Mr President, to... move China-US relations forward in a positive direction."

What issues were on the table?

Mr Biden said the two sides needed to establish some "common sense guardrails".... "to ensure that our competition between our countries does not veer into conflict".

"We believe - and you and I have talked about this - all countries have to play by the same rules of the road, and why the United States is always going to stand up for our interests and values and those of our allies and partners," he said.

Mr Biden's comments appear to be a nod to Taiwan - a point of growing contention between both countries.

Beijing views Taiwan as a breakaway province, but democratic Taiwan sees itself as a sovereign state.

The US has been increasingly vocal about its commitment to defending the island.

Mr Biden said last month that the US would defend Taiwan if China attacked, in an apparent departure from a long-held US foreign policy position of "strategic ambiguity" which has seen Washington being deliberately vague about what it would actually do.

Issues like cybersecurity, trade and nuclear non-proliferation were also expected to be discussed.